Define and classify buffer? Name the ICF buffer and ECF buffer?
Definition
of a Buffer: A buffer is a solution that can resist
changes in pH when small amounts of acid or base are added.
or
A buffer is a solution that maintains a stable pH by
resisting changes when exposed to small amounts of acid or alkali.
Classification of Buffers:
Buffers can be classified based on their location, primary components, and pH range.
1. Classification based on location:
1. Extracellular
fluid (ECF): Bicarbonate buffer system
2. Intracellular fluid (ICF): Protein buffer system, Phosphate buffer system
2. Classification based on primary components:
1. Acid-base
buffers: Composed of a weak acid and its
conjugate base or a weak base and
its conjugate acid.
2. Salt buffers: Formed by mixing a weak acid or base with its corresponding salt.
3. Classification based on pH range:
1. Acidic buffers: Have a pH below 7 and are
primarily used in acidic environments.
2. Neutral buffers: Have a pH of around 7 and
are used in neutral environments.
3. Alkaline buffers: Have a pH above 7 and are primarily used in alkaline environments.
Name the ICF buffer and ECF buffer:
1. Intracellular (ICF) Buffer:
a. Proteins,
b. Amino acids, and
c. Phosphates.
2. Extracellular (ECF) Buffer:
a. Bicarbonate ions and
b. Carbonic acid.
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